ABSTRACT
To study the effects of Calcium Channel Blocker [Amlodipine] as monotherapy in diagnosed hypertensive, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM] patients. Prospective study. This study was conducted at Jinnah post graduate medical centre [JPMC] Karachi, in collaboration with the department of medicine JPMC, Karachi from July 2010 to January 2011. This study is to examine the effects of Amlodipine in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients with base line proteinuria. 20 normal subjects were also selected as a control group with CCB [Amlodipine] baseline to final change for SBP as well as DBP was significantly reduced i.e.24.70 % [p<0.001] and 16.20% [p<0.001] respectively. CCB showed 44% [p<0.001] reduction in FBS, creatinine clearance reduced by 8.10% [p<0.5], serum potassium reduced by 4.50%, non significant increase in serum urea i.e.3.70% and serum creatinine i.e. 3.8% was observed. Aim of treating hypertension is to control or limit its cardiovascular complications; CCB and are the drug of choice in controlling blood pressure and to prevent the progress of cardiovascular events in patients without diabetic nephropathy as well as reserves for add-on therapy in hypertensive patients complicated with diabetic nephropathy
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Hypertension , Prospective Studies , Amlodipine , Cardiovascular System , KidneyABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Cross Sectional Study. This study was conducted in Dow University Hospital, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi from 1[st] January 2012 to 31[st] December 2012. One hundred and nineteen patients attending the medicalOPD Dow University of Health Sciences were included in study. 119 patients were enrolled in study .47.1% were male and 52.9% were female patients mean age was 55.75 +/- 7.85 years, Mean HbA1[c] value was 8.02 +/- 1.46%, Subclinical hypothyroidism was identified in 26.9% the patients. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the patients suffering from type 2 diabetics
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Retinopathy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Glycated HemoglobinABSTRACT
The primary objective of the present study was to determine whether in patients with prehypertension six months of treatment with an angiotensin II, type I receptor antagonist [at a dose of 8mg once a day] reduces the incidence of hypertension in borderline patients Randomized, open-labeled, prospective study. This study was conducted in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics, Basic Medical Sciences institute [BMSI], Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi, from July 2007 to January 2008. This study involved eighty untreated participants between 30 to 60 years of age of either sex with blood pressure on study entry in high-normal range i.e. systolic blood pressure of 130 to 139 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 85 to 89 mmHg, according to the classification developed by Joint National Committee on prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood pressure [JNC-VI]. All participants were randomized and enrolled in study after baseline investigations and informed written consent. All values have been expressed in standard error of mean [ +/- SEM]. Forty patients were treated with DRI and DR2 from day 0 to day 90[th] of study period respectively. InDRI group the mean systolic BY was decreased from 138 mmHg to 125.8 mmHg from day 0 to day 90[th] In DR2 group an increase was observed in systolic BY from 128 mmHg to 136 mmHg from day 0 to day 90[th]. An average percentage decrease of 8.21% in case of DR] while, 5.52% was increased in DR2 group. In same way a decrease of 11.82% in DR] group, while, an increase of 11.5% was observed in case of DR2 group in mean diastolic blood pressure respectively from day 0 to day 90[th] of study duration. Treatment of prehhypertension with an angiotension receptor antagonist May decreases incident hypertension. Additional studies will be needed to ascertain whether this or other strategies involving early pharmacological treatment of prehypertension would positively affect clinical outcomes
ABSTRACT
To assess the effectiveness of Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test in the diagnosis of Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis. Descriptive Observational. This study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre during the period of three years from 2010 to 2013. A total 129 cases, both out patients as well as inpatients, who were diagnosed as a case of Myasthenia Gravis clinically and by other investigations including, Edrophonium Test, Chest Radiology, and Acetylcholine Receptor antibodies were studied. Out of 129 cases, of Myasthenia Gravis, who were admitted or came in outpatient department, 55 subjects are male. On Repetitive Nerve Stimulation study at 3Hz, significant decrement was found in trapezius in 16 [88%] patients who are Seronegative and in 90 [81%] seropositive patients. Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test is a promising tool in the diagnosis of Myasthenia Gravis and should be a part of investigations used to diagnose this neuromuscular junction disorder especially in Seronegative cases, for confirming the diagnosis
ABSTRACT
To determine the correlation between the blood eosinophil count and the severity of symptoms in asthmatic patients. Prospective observational study. This study was carried out in Dow General Hospital, Dow University of Heath Sciences from l[st] January 201 1 to 31[st] December 2011. Asthmatic patients who were admitted in Dow General Hospital, Dow University of Heath Sciences, and those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Physical examination was carried out and the severity of the symptoms was gauged by using Peak Expiratory flow meter and absolute eosinophil count. The data thus collected was analyzed using SPSS Version 15. Among 56 patients who were enrolled in the study 29[51.8%] were male and 27[48.2%] were female. Ages were between 13 and 70 years. The absolute eosinophil count ranged between 70/mm[3] and 1400/mm[3]. Based on the definition of asthma severity, 20 patients [35.7%] had mild asthma, 17[30.4%] had moderate and 19[33.9%] patients had severe asthma. Statistical analysis showed that no relationship exist between blood eosinophil count and the severity of asthma, [p < 0.003]
ABSTRACT
To assess the Vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed as fibromyalgia in patients attending Dow University Hospital Karachi. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at Dow University Hospital, Karachi from 21[st] January 2013 to 30[th] December 2013. 83 patients were selected from the outpatient department of medicine OPD. among 83 patients who were enrolled in the study 60 [72.71%] were male and 23were [27.71] were females ages were between 7 and 70 years, the vitamin D levels ranged between 2 and 58with mean vitamin D level found to be 12,58 which is counted as moderate deficiency. 83 patients with fibromyalgia were included in study. Among them who were enrolled in the study 60 [72.28%] were male and 23 [27.71%] were females .The subjects included in study age between 17 and 70 with mean age of 39.69 years. The fibromyalgia was gauged on clinical assessment. Vitamin D levels were classified. Vitamin D levels ranged between 2 and 58 with mean 12.58. As objective of study to assess vit D levels in diagnosed fibromyalgia patients in our population it was found that relationship between two parameters in significant. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently diagnosed in patients with fibromyalgia and nonspecific musculoskeletal pain in study population
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this study was to determine the frequencyof metabolic syndrome in patients presesnting with unstable angina at DUHS. Cross-sectional observational study. This study was carried out at all medical wards of a DUHS from January 2012 to July 2012. 81 patients with Unstable Angina [UA] presented in medical ward that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and gave informed consent were enrolled for the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to ATPIII criteria. Patients were evaluated for obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL. Total 81 patients with unstable angina were included in this study Out of them 43 [53.1%] were male and 38 [46.9%] were female. Mean age was 60.23 +/- 8.7. Majority of patients [49.4%] were lying in 51 to 60 years age group. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was thirty nine [48.1%]. Among them twenty three [53.5%] were male and sixteen [42.1%] were females, hence it shows insignificant p value of 0.018. Metabolic syndrome is common with high frequency in our population. This study provides a quantitative estimate of the frequency of metabolic syndrome and suggests Diabetes, low HDL, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and obesity strongly correlates with unstable angina
ABSTRACT
To compare the radiologic patterns in HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with non-HIV positive patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. Descriptive study. The study is a carried out in the Department of Medicine at Dow University Hospital from July, 2010 to July, 2011. The admission records of 54 HIV-positive patients were analyzed. A total of 30 patients out of 54 presented with pulmonary symptoms, which were further evaluated by sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli and chest radiographs. These 30 patients were compared with 30 non-HIV, smear positive for acid-fast bacilli patients. Out of 30 HIV seropositive patients, 29 were male and 1 was female with the mean age +/- SD 33.9 +/- 95 years. Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 10 patients [33.3 %]. Frequent radiographic patterns included normal 12[40%] and apical infiltrates 5[16.6%]. Cavitatory lesion was observed in 1 patient. Dominant symptoms were weight loss 29[93.3%] and fever 24[80%]. Out of the 30 non-HIV seropositive pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 20 were male and 10 were female of mean age +/- SD 33.9 +/- 95 years. Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 30 patients [100%]. Frequent radiographic patterns were apical cavitations 12[40%], apical infiltrates 5 [16.6%], bronchopneumonia 6[20%], interstitial infection3 [10%].Dominant symptoms were weight loss 29[93.3%] and fever 24[80%]. Majority of HIV seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were male. Common radiographic patterns were normal radiographs and apical infiltrates. Atypical radiographic presentation is particularly related in advance stages of immunosuppresion. Cavitatory lesions and pleural effusion were rare findings. Non HIV seropositive pulmonary tuberculosis patients were both male and female. Common radiographic patterns were apical cavitatory lesions, bronchopneumonia, interstitial infiltrations and pleural effusion. This radiographic presentation is particularly related to delayed hypersensitivity reaction
ABSTRACT
To evaluate Radiographic patterns in HIV associated PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS. Observational, retrospective, descriptive study. This study was conducted in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Civil Hospital, Karachi between July 2008 to April 2009. This study is conducted by reviewing the admission records of 54 HIV diagnosed patients. A total of 30 patients presented with pulmonary symptoms were evaluated by sputum smear for acid fast bacilli [AFB] and chest radiographs. Out of 30 HIV seropositive patients, 29 were male and 1 was female of mean age +/- SD 33.9 +/- 95 years. Sputum staining for acid-fast bacilli was positive in 10 patients [33.3%]. Frequent radiographic patterns were 12 [40%] normal, 5 [16.6%] apical infiltrate, cavitatory lesion was observed in 1 patient. Dominant symptoms were weight loss 29 [93.3%], fever 24 [80%]. Majority of HIV seropositive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were male, common radiographic patterns were normal radiograph, apical infiltrates atypical radiographic presentation is particularly related in advance stages of immunosuppressant. Cavitatory lesions and pleural effusion were rare findings